Book: Dalail an-Nubuwwah by Bayhaqi

باب غزوة غطفان وهي غزوة ذي أمر [١] وما ظهر في تلك الغزوة من آثار النبوة

Chapter: Chapter on the Ghazwa of Ghatafan, which is the expedition of the Matter [1], and what appeared in that campaign of the effects of prophecy.

Volume: 3 (Page:167)

English:

Chapter of the Battle of Ghazwat Ghatafan, Known as Ghazwat Dhi Amarr

Key Points: This chapter discusses the Battle of Ghazwat Ghatafan, also known as Ghazwat Dhi Amarr, and the signs of prophethood that appeared during this expedition.

Narrators: Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz narrated to us, who was informed by Abu Al-Abbas Muhammad ibn Ya'qub, who was informed by Ahmad ibn Abd al-Jabbar, who was informed by Yunus ibn Bukair, from Ibn Ishaq.

When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) returned from the Ghazwat As-Sawiq, he stayed in Al-Madinah until the end of Dhi al-Hijjah and Muharram, or nearly all of it. Then, he set out to Najd with the intention to confront Ghatafan, in the Battle of Dhi Amarr. He stayed in Najd for the month of Safar, before returning to Al-Madinah without encountering any hostility, and remained there for the whole month of Rabi' al-Awwal.

Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz further informed that Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ahmad Al-Asbahani narrated to us, who was informed by Al-Hasan ibn Al-Jahm, who was informed by Al-Husayn ibn Al-Faraj, who was informed by Al-Waqidi, saying, "The Battle of Ghatafan took place in Rabi' al-Awwal at the head of the month on the fifth day."

References:

  • Refer to the Battle of Dhi Amarr in the following sources: Sīrat Ibn Hishām, Ibn Sa'd, History of Al-Tabari, Al-Waqidi, Ibn Kathir, Al-Nawiri, Al-Halabi, and 'Uyūn al-Athar.

Location: Dhi Amarr was a place in the vicinity of Nakheel and is referred to as the Battle of Ghatafan in some historical records. The reason for this campaign was that the Prophet (peace be upon him) learned that some Ghatafan tribes were gathering to attack Al-Madinah.

Arabic:

بَابُ غَزْوَةِ غَطَفَانَ وَهِيَ غَزْوَةُ ذِي أَمَرَّ [ (١) ] وَمَا ظَهَرَ فِي تِلْكَ الْغَزْوَةِ مِنْ آثَارِ النُّبُوَّةِأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّه الْحَافِظُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: «ولَمَّا رَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ غَزْوَةِ السَّوِيقِ أَقَامَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ بَقِيَّةَ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ وَالْمُحَرَّمَ أَوْ عَامَّتَهُ ثُمَّ غَزَا نَجْدًا يُرِيدُ غَطَفَانَ وَهِيَ غَزْوَةُ ذِي أَمَرَّ [ (٢) ] فَأَقَامَ بِنَجْدٍ صَفَرَ كُلَّهُ أَوْ قَرِيبًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فَلَمْ يَلْقَ كَيْدًا فَلَبِثَ بِهَا شَهْرَ رَبِيعٍ كُلَّهُ» [ (٣) ] .أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّه الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّه مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْجَهْمِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْفَرَجِ قَالَ:أَخْبَرَنَا الْوَاقِدِيُّ قَالَ: «وَغَزْوَةُ غَطَفَانَ كَانَتْ فِي رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ عَلَى رَأْسِ خمس[ (١) ] انظر في غزوة ذي امر: سيرة ابن هشام (٢: ٤٢٥) ، وابن سعد (٢: ٣٤) ، وتاريخ الطبري ط. دار المعارف (٢: ٤٨٧) ، والواقدي (١: ١٩٣) ، وابن كثير (٤: ٢) ، والنويري (١٧:٧٧) ، والسيرة الحلبية (٢: ٢٧٩) ، وعيون الأثر (١: ٣٦٢) .[ (٢) ] (ذو أمر) : موضع بناحية النخيل، وتسمى في بعض كتب السير: غزوة غطفان، وسببها عَلِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عليه وسلم إن بعض قبائل غطفان تجمعت لغزو المدينة.[ (٣) ] سيرة ابن هشام (٢: ٤٢٥) .

Volume: 3 (Page:168)

English:

Prophet Muhammad's Mission to Banu Tha'labah Tribe

Twenty months after his prophethood, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) set out on a Thursday, the twelfth of Rabi' al-Awwal. He was absent for eleven days.

Al-Waqidi narrated that Muhammad ibn Ziyad ibn Abi Hunaydah informed him, who in turn reported that Zaid ibn Abi Attab informed him. Al-Waqidi continued, and ad-Dahhak ibn Uthman also narrated to him, saying that Abdur-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr related from Abdullah ibn Abu Bakr, and some discrepancies were found in the narration. Others have also reported to me, saying: "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) received information that a group of Ghatafan from Banu Tha'labah bin Muharib had gathered in Dhi Ammar intending harm towards the outskirts of the Prophet's companions. A man among them, named Duthur ibn al-Harith ibn Muharib, was leading them. The Messenger of Allah called upon the Muslims, and four hundred and fifty men set out, accompanied by horses. He mentioned the events of the journey, indicating that the Bedouins fled upon seeing a rainstorm, and the Messenger of Allah found shelter under a tree in Dhi Ammar."

When it rained heavily, the Prophet went to relieve himself and got drenched by the rain. He spread out his garment to dry, lay down beneath the tree, and the Bedouins watched his every move. The Bedouins said to Duthur, their leader: "Muhammad has weakened you and isolated you from his companions. If he had attacked with his companions, he would not have been repelled until he was killed. He has chosen a sword from his swords, and he stood up, holding the sword high over the head of the Prophet. Muhammad said, 'Who will prevent you from me today?' Allah, exalted is He, intervened by causing Gabriel to strike the chest of the Bedouin, making the sword fall from his hand. The Prophet Muhammad then seized the sword and stood over him."

Arabic:

وَعِشْرِينَ شَهْرًا خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَ الخميس لثنتي عَشْرَةَ خَلَتْ مِنْ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ فَغَابَ أَحَدَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا» [ (٤) ] .قَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ زِيَادِ بْنِ أَبِي هُنَيْدَةَ [ (٥) ] قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا زَيْدُ ابن أَبِي عَتَّابٍ، قَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا الضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّه بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَزَادَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ فِي الْحَدِيثِ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ قَدْ حَدَّثَنِي أَيْضًا قَالُوا: «بَلَغَ رَسُولَ اللَّه صلى اللَّه عليه وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّ جَمْعًا مِنْ غَطَفَانَ مِنْ بَنِي ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ مُحَارِبٍ بِذِي أَمَرَّ قَدْ تَجَمَّعُوا يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يُصِيبُوا مِنْ أَطْرَافِ رَسُولِ اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عليه وَسَلَّمَ، مَعَهُمْ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ يُقَالُ لَهُ دُعْثُورُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ مُحَارِبٍ فَنَدَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَخَرَجَ فِي أَرْبَعِمِائَةِ رَجُلٍ وَخَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا وَمَعَهُمْ أَفْرَاسٌ. فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي مَسِيرِهِ، إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَهَرَبَتْ مِنْهُ الْأَعْرَابُ فَوْقَ ذُرًى مِنَ الْجِبَالِ وَنَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ذَا أَمَرَّ وَعَسْكَرَ بِهِ. فَأَصَابَهُمْ مَطَرٌ كَثِيرٌ فَذَهَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِحَاجَتِهِ فَأَصَابَهُ ذَلِكَ الْمَطَرُ فَبَلَّ ثَوْبَهُ وَقَدْ جَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عليه وسلم وَادِيَ ذِي أَمَرَّ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ أَصْحَابِهِ ثُمَّ نَزَعَ ثِيَابَهُ فَنَشَرَهَا لِتَجِفَّ وَأَلْقَاهَا عَلَى شَجَرَةٍ ثُمَّ اضْطَجَعَ تَحْتَهَا وَالْأَعْرَابُ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَى كُلِّ مَا يَفْعَلُ رَسُولُ اللَّه صلى اللَّه عليه وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَتِ الْأَعْرَابُ لِدُعْثُورٍ وَكَانَ سَيِّدَهَا وَأَشْجَعَهَا: قَدْ أَمْكَنَكَ مُحَمَّدٌ وَقَدِ انْفَرَدَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ حَيْثُ إِنْ غَوَّثَ بِأَصْحَابِهِ لَمْ يُغَثْ حَتَّى تَقْتُلَهُ فَاخْتَارَ سَيْفًا مِنْ سُيوفِهِمْ صَارِمًا ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ مُشْتَمِلًا عَلَى السَّيْفِ حَتَّى قَامَ عَلَى رَأْسِ رَسُولِ اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالسَّيْفِ مَشْهُورًا، فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَنْ يَمْنَعُكَ مِنِّي الْيَوْمَ؟ قَالَ اللَّه عَزَّ وَجَلَّ [ (٦) ] وَدَفَعَ جِبْرِيلُ فِي صَدْرِهِ فَوَقَعَ السَّيْفُ مِنْ يَدِهِ فَأَخَذَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَامَ عَلَى رأسه فقال من[ (٤) ] المغازي للواقدي (١: ١٩٣) .[ (٥) ] في (ح) : «هبيرة» وهو تصحيف، وأثبت ما في (م) و (ص) و (هـ) ، وهو موافق لما في مغازي الواقدي.[ (٦) ] الزيادة من (هـ) فقط.

Volume: 3 (Page:169)

English:

Story of the Encounter with an Angel

When asked, "Who can stop you from me?" the man replied, "No one, as I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. I will never gather against you." The Prophet (peace be upon him) then gave him his sword and turned away, saying, "By Allah, you are better than me." The man responded asserting the Prophet's superiority. When confronted by his people about his actions, the man explained that he saw a tall white figure who pushed him, making him fall. Realizing it was an angel, he embraced Islam and spread the message among his people. This incident is linked to the verse in Surah Al-Maidah (5:11).

Appointment of Uthman ibn Affan

It was reported that his absence lasted for eleven nights, and upon his return, Uthman ibn Affan was appointed by the Prophet (peace be upon him) to take charge of the city of Madinah. This account is in line with the narration by Al-Waqidi, and another version is recounted during the Raid of Dhat al-Riqa.

Arabic:

يَمْنَعُكَ مِنِّي؟ قَالَ لَا أَحَدَ وأَنَا أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّه وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّه. لَا أُكَثِّرُ عَلَيْكَ جَمْعًا أَبَدًا. فَأَعْطَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وسلم سَيْفَهُ ثُمَّ أَدْبَرَ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ بِوَجْهِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ واللَّه لَأَنْتَ خَيْرٌ مِنِّي. قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عليه وسلم أَنَا أَحَقُّ بِذَلِكَ مِنْكَ. فَأَتَى قَوْمَهُ فَقَالُوا أَيْنَ مَا كُنْتَ تَقُولُ وَقَدْ أَمْكَنَكَ وَالسَّيْفُ فِي يَدِكَ، قَالَ: قَدْ كَانَ واللَّه ذَلِكَ رَأْيِي وَلَكِنْ نَظَرْتُ إِلَى رَجُلٍ أَبْيَضَ طَوِيلٍ فَدَفَعَ فِي صَدْرِي فَوَقَعْتُ لِظَهْرِي فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ مَلَكٌ، وَشَهِدْتُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّه، واللَّه لَا أُكَثِّرُ عَلَيْهِ، وَجَعَلَ يَدْعُو قَوْمَهُ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ،ونَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ هَمَّ قَوْمٌ أَنْ يَبْسُطُوا إِلَيْكُمْ أَيْدِيَهُمْ فَكَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنْكُمْ [ (٧) ] الْآيَةَ قَالَ: وَكَانَتْ غَيْبَتُهُ إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً. وَاسْتَخْلَفَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ» .كَذَا قَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ [ (٨) ] . وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي غَزْوَةِ ذَاتِ الرِّقَاعِ قِصَّةٌ أُخْرَى فِي الْأَعْرَابِيِّ الَّذِي قَامَ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ بِالسَّيْفِ وَقَالَ: مَنْ يَمْنَعُكَ مِنِّي؟ فَإِنْ كَانَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ قَدْ حَفِظَ مَا ذُكِرَ فِي هَذِهِ الْغَزْوَةِ فَكَأَنَّهُمَا قِصَّتَانِ واللَّه أعلم.[ (٧) ] سورة المائدة الآية (١١) .[ (٨) ] في المغازي مختصرا من (١: ١٩٣- ١٩٦) .

Vols: Intro, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

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